Results – TransplantID

Approach to febrile neutropenia in patients undergoing treatments for hematologic malignancies

Stohs, E. J., Abbas, A., & Freifeld, A. - 2024 - Transplant Infectious Disease, e14236

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is common among hematologic malignancy patients, including recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy. Prompt empiric antibiotic use has been the mainstay for decades but a “one-size-fits-all” approach is no longer broadly accepted, as treatment-related infectious risk are more understood. Growing antimicrobial resistance is an increasing clinical challenge. Evolving strategies...

Lung Nodules and Masses in non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients: A Clinical-Imaging Algorithmic Approach

Franquet, T., Raoof, S., Lee, K., … Domingo, P. - 2024 - CHEST, S0012369224055612

Pulmonary nodules and masses in immunocompromised patients represent a diagnostic challenge due to overlapping radiological and clinical presentations. By integrating clinical context, immune status, and imaging findings, clinicians can more accurately diagnose and manage these lesions, improving patient outcomes. This review presents an algorithmic approach for differentiating between various causes of pulmonary nodules and masses in non-HIV immunocompromised individuals, providing a valuable tool for clinical practice.

Neutropenic Fever

Mikulska, M. - 2024 - In A. Sureda, S. Corbacioglu, R. Greco, … E. Carreras (Eds.), The EBMT Handbook (pp. 303–309) - Springer International Publishing

Abstract Fever during neutropenia is almost universal after an HCT. In neutropenic HCT recipients, clinicians are faced with a unique combination of issues: (1) high incidence of bacterial bloodstream infections, (2) high mortality in case of infections due to Gram-negative bacteria unless effective antibiotic treatment is provided promptly, and (3) numerous causes of fever other than bacterial infection.

A Diagnostic Approach to Fungal Pneumonia

Azar, Marwan. M. - 2023 - CHEST, S0012369223055587

How I approach diarrhea in hematological transplant patients: A practical tool

Castillo Almeida, N. E., Cichon, C. J., & Gomez, C. A. - 2023 - Transplant Infectious Disease, 25(S1), e14184

Diarrhea in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a multifactorial challenge that demands a nuanced diagnostic approach. The causes of infectious diarrhea in HSCT recipients are diverse and influenced by patient-specific risk factors, the post-transplant timeline, and local epidemiology. During the past decade, our understanding of diarrhea in HSCT has witnessed a transformative shift through the incorporation of gastrointestinal (GI) multiplex polymerase chain reaction...

Altered Mental Status in the Solid Organ Transplant Recipient

Ince, D. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1661–1672) - Springer International Publishing

Altered mental status is common in the solid organ transplant recipient. A variety of etiologies, including infections, metabolic abnormalities, medications, malignancies, and rejection, can lead to altered mental status in a transplant patient. Timeline after transplantation as well as organ transplanted have signiﬁcant impact on etiology. Detailed physical examination, comprehensive laboratory evaluation, and in many cases imaging can help elucidate the etiology. Urgent treatment of underlying etiology can improve prognosis.

Central Nervous System Infections in Immunocompromised Patients

Pruitt, A. A. - 2021 - Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 21(7), 37

Purpose of Review This article reviews current epidemiologic trends, clinical presentations, and diagnostic strategies for central nervous system (CNS) infections in human immunodeficiency virus-negative (HIV) patients immunocompromised by their underlying disease or by receipt of immunosuppressive or immunomodulating therapies. Three patient groups are considered: (1) cancer patients; (2) hematopoietic or solid organ transplantation recipients; and (3) patients with autoimmune or...

Pulmonary Syndromes in Transplantation

Trinh, S., & Luk, A. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1615–1638) - Springer International Publishing

Infectious and noninfectious pulmonary syndromes remain significant contributors to morbidity and mortality after solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Multiple factors increase the risk of pulmonary complications including the surgical trauma related to solid organ transplantation, chemotherapy and radiation prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the degree of immunosuppression, and immune factors contributing to rejection and graft-versus-host disease. The first...

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in kidney transplant recipients: to treat, or not to treat, that is the question

Sabé, N., Cruzado, J. M., & Carratalà, J. - 2020 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 0(0)

<h2>Abstract</h2><p>In this article we comment on the few interventional studies that have addressed the question of how asymptomatic bacteriuria should be managed in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. The findings from the studies reported to date support recent guidelines arguing against systematic screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in KT recipients. However, these studies present significant limitations and should be interpreted with caution.</p>

Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America

Metlay, J. P., Waterer, G. W., Long, A. C., … Whitney, C. G. - 2019 - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 200(7), e45–e67

Background: This document provides evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on the management of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Methods: A multidisciplinary panel conducted pragmatic systematic reviews of the relevant research and applied Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology for clinical recommendations.Results: The panel addressed 16 specific areas for recommendations spanning questions of diagnostic testing, determination of...

Diagnosis and management of diarrhea in solid-organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice

Angarone, M., Snydman, D. R., & Practice, the A. I. C. of - 2019 - Clinical Transplantation, 33(9), e13550

These guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of diarrhea in the pre- and post-transplant period. Diarrhea in an organ transplant recipient may result in significant morbidity including dehydration, increased toxicity of medications, and rejection. Transplant recipients are affected by a wide range of etiologies of diarrhea with the most common causes being Clostridioides...

Pneumonia in solid organ transplantation: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice

Dulek, D. E., Mueller, N. J., & Practice, on behalf of the A. I. D. C. of - 2019 - Clinical Transplantation, 33(9), e13545

These guidelines from the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the diagnosis and management of pneumonia in the post-transplant period. Clinical presentations and differential diagnosis for pneumonia in the solid organ transplant recipient are reviewed. A two-tier approach is proposed based on the net state of immunosuppression and the severity of presentation. With a lower risk of opportunistic, hospital-acquired, or exposure-specific pathogens and a non-severe presentation,...

Urinary tract infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice

Goldman, J. D., & Julian, K. - 2019 - Clinical Transplantation, 33(9), e13507

These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of urinary tract infections (UTI) in solid organ transplantation, focusing on kidney transplant (KT) recipients. KT recipients have unique risk factors for UTI, including indwelling stents and surgical manipulation of the genitourinary tract. KT recipients experience multi-drug antibiotic-resistant infections—UTI prevention...

2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea

Shane, A. L., Mody, R. K., Crump, J. A., … Pickering, L. K. - 2017 - Clinical Infectious Diseases, 65(12), e45–e80

Abstract. These guidelines are intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for children and adults with suspected or confirmed infectious diarrhea. T

Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society

Kalil, A. C., Metersky, M. L., Klompas, M., … Brozek, J. L. - 2016 - Clinical Infectious Diseases, 63(5), e61–e111

Abstract. It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended t

Evaluation of pulmonary abnormalities in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplants and cellular therapies

Thomas, L., & Boatman, J. - n.d. - Transplant Infectious Disease, n/a(n/a), e14137

Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy recipients are susceptible to multiple pulmonary complications that are caused by infectious and noninfectious processes. Numerous variables can be associated with specific pulmonary diseases including time from transplantation, presence of graft versus host disease (GVHD), underlying disease, and prolonged neutropenia and lymphocytopenia. Most pulmonary complications are infectious in origin, with...

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