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Evaluations of oral vancomycin prophylaxis (OVP) against Clostridioides difficile have been reported in stem cell transplant populations with short follow-up periods. The longest known duration of standardized follow-up post-OVP is 90 days within an allogeneic stem cell transplant population. In 2017, we implemented OVP 125 mg twice daily in autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) recipients beginning the day of admission and continued until the day of discharge.Patients who received an ASCT...

Gut microbiota injury in allogeneic HCT recipients has been associated with adv...

Background Organ transplantation is a known risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). There is limited published data on the impact of CDI in the intestinal transplant population. Methods We utilized the National Readmission Database (2010–2017) to study the outcomes of CDI in patients having a history of intestinal transplantation. Association of CDI with readmission and hospital resource utilization was computed in multivariable models adjusted for demographics and...

Diarrhea in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a multifactorial challenge that demands a nuanced diagnostic approach. The causes of infectious diarrhea in HSCT recipients are diverse and influenced by patient-specific risk factors, the post-transplant timeline, and local epidemiology. During the past decade, our understanding of diarrhea in HSCT has witnessed a transformative shift through the incorporation of gastrointestinal (GI) multiplex polymerase chain reaction...

Background. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Safety concerns around FMT are increased in immunocompromised populations, such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Outcomes among adult SOT recipients suggest FMT is efficacious and safe; however, pediatric SOT data are lacking. Methods. We describe the efficacy and safety of FMT among pediatric SOT recipients in a singlecenter retrospective study from...

Background Diarrhea among recipients of solid organ transplants is a commonly encountered problem and is often multifactorial in etiology. Owing to the combination of perioperative antibiotic administration and the immunosuppressed status of transplant recipients, a high degree of suspicion for Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) colitis is prudent. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the association of an institutional integrated stewardship program with C. difficile testing...

The Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) partnered with its Transplant Infectious Disease Special Interest Group (TID-SIG) to update its 2009 compendium-style infectious disease guidelines for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A completely new approach was taken with the goal of better serving clinical providers by publishing each standalone topic in the infectious disease series as a concise format of frequently asked...

In this review, we discuss stool donor screening considerations to mitigate potential risks of pathogen transmission through fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. SOT recipients have a higher risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and are more likely to have severe CDI. FMT has been shown to be a valuable tool in the treatment of recurrent CDI (RCDI); however, guidelines for screening for opportunistic infections transmitted through FMT are...

Background: Neutropenia and antibiotic use put patients at risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) following allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). CDI following alloHCT has been associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. We sought to evaluate if prophylactic oral vancomycin reduces the incidence of CDI in alloHCT recipients. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review...

Abstract This clinical practice guideline is a focused update on management of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in adults specifically addressing the use of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab for the treatment of CDI. This guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary panel representing the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). This guideline is intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for...

Infectious and noninfectious diarrheas are important complications in immunocompromised host (ICH) populations including hematologic stem cell (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Adverse consequences of diarrhea, including fluid and electrolyte imbalances with resultant malabsorption of nutrition and medications, can lead to prolonged hospital stays or rehospitalizations. Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile is the most common infectious etiology of infectious...

AbstractBackground. Transplant recipients are an immunologically vulnerable patient group and are at elevated risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)

Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is recommended for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) treatment; however, use in solid organ transplantation (SOT) patients has theoretical safety concerns. This multicenter, retrospective study evaluated FMT safety, effectiveness, and risk factors for failure in SOT patients. Primary cure and overall cure were defined as resolution of diarrhea or negative C difficile stool test after a single FMT or after subsequent FMT(s) ± anti-CDI antibiotics,...

In recent years, extensive research and newer therapeutic strategies have remarkably reduced the number of acute and chronic rejections and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and have significantly improved the survival of transplant recipients. On the other hand, transplant recipients are more vulnerable to a wide range of infections as immunosuppressive therapies not only suppress host T-cell response but also destroy other rapidly dividing cells resulting in neutropenia and...

These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice address the prevention and management of Clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is among the most common hospital acquired infections. In SOT recipients, the incidence of CDI varies by type and number or organs transplanted. While a meta-analysis of published literature found the...

<h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Disruption of the intestinal microbiome early after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has been linked to adverse outcomes in transplant recipients. To date, whether microbiome-directed interventions will be able to impact important clinical endpoints remains unknown. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a compelling intervention to restore healthy diversity to the intestinal microenvironment after allo-HCT, but currently has no established role...

Background: Clostridiumdifficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of infectious complications in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients (alloHCT). We sought to evaluate whether prophylactic oral vancomycin reduces the incidence of CDI in alloHCT recipients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the effectiveness of CDI prophylaxis with oral vancomycin compared to no prophylaxis in 145 consecutive adult alloHCT recipients at the University of...