Results – TransplantID

Safety and immunogenicity of the live-attenuated varicella vaccine in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Piché-Renaud, P.-P., Yue Lee, E., Ji, C., … Allen, U. D. - 2023 - American Journal of Transplantation

This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the immunogenicity, safety, and effectiveness of live-attenuated varicella vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients. Medline and EMBASE were searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies. The included articles reported varicella vaccine administration in the posttransplant period in children and adults. A pooled proportion of transplant recipients who seroconverted and who developed vaccine-strain varicella...

Immunization of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients

Bahakel, H., Feldman, A. G., & Danziger-Isakov, L. - 2023 - Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, S0891552023000259

How I Prevent Viral Reactivation in High-risk Patients

Dadwal, S. S., Papanicolaou, G., & Boeckh, M. - 2022 - Blood, blood.2021014676

Preventing viral infections at an early stage is a key strategy of successfully improving transplant outcomes. Preemptive therapy and prophylaxis using antiviral agents have been used successfully to prevent clinically significant viral infections in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Major progress has been made over the past decades in preventing viral infections through a better understanding of the biology and risk factors as well as the introduction of novel antiviral...

Use of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Immunocompromised Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022

Anderson, T. C., Masters, N. B., Guo, A., … Dooling, K. L. - 2022 - MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(3), 80–84

What is already known about this topic? Immunocompromised persons experience a higher incidence of herpes zoster and related complications. On July 23, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the indication for use of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) to include immunodeficient or immunosuppressed adults. What is added by this report? On October 20, 2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended 2 RZV doses for prevention of herpes zoster and related complications...

Vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant: A primer for the immunizing clinician

Chen, J. K., Cheng, J., Liverman, R., … Yildirim, I. - 2022 - Clinical Transplantation, 36(3), e14577

Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at a uniquely elevated risk for vaccine preventable illness (VPI) secondary to a multitude of factors including incomplete immunization at the time of transplant, inadequate response to vaccines with immunosuppression, waning antibody titers observed post-SOT, and uncertainty among providers on the correct immunization schedule to utilize post-SOT. Multiple guidelines are in existence from the Infectious Diseases Society of America and...

Evaluation of Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine for Primary Immunization of Varicella-seronegative Transplant Recipients

L’Huillier, A. G., Hirzel, C., Ferreira, V. H., … Kumar, D. - 2021 - Transplantation, 105(10), 2316–2323

Background. Immunization of varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-seronegative solid organ transplant (SOT) patients using the live-attenuated varicella vaccine is generally contraindicated, leaving no widely applicable immunization option. The recombinant subunit herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) is indicated for VZV-seropositive persons to prevent shingles but could potentially also protect VZV-seronegative persons against varicella. We performed a safety and immunogenicity evaluation of RZV in...

Vaccination Strategies in Solid Organ and Stem Cell Transplant

Jain, S. R., & Kumar, D. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 253–284) - Springer International Publishing

Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at high risk of contracting infectious diseases, including vaccine-preventable illnesses, in the post-transplant period. Given the high degree of immunosuppression immediately post-transplant, infection in the transplant patient results in higher morbidity and mortality than in the general population. Thus, it is the responsibility of the care team to ensure appropriate vaccines are given in an attempt to mitigate this risk....

Pre-transplant vaccination compliance in adult heart and lung transplant recipients

Neuhaus, K. A., Mossad, S. B., Pallotta, A., … Rivard, K. - 2021 - Clinical Transplantation, 35(11), e14464

Background Vaccine preventable diseases can affect solid organ transplant recipients post-transplant. Therefore, the administration of vaccines and assessment of serologic response should be prioritized in the pre-transplant period. Methods This single-center, retrospective study included 349 adult heart or lung transplant candidates between December 1, 2017 and November 30, 2019. We describe vaccination or serologic status for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, tetanus, pneumococcal, influenza, and...

Herpes Simplex and Varicella Zoster in Transplant Candidates and Recipients

Zuckerman, R. A. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 617–654) - Springer International Publishing

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 and 2 and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) are ubiquitous alpha-herpes viruses that establish lifelong latency in nerve root ganglia. They are characterized by clinical and subclinical reactivation which can lead to signiﬁcant morbidity in the transplant population. Primary infection after transplant can also be highly morbid, potentially fatal. Despite signiﬁcant advances in screening, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, there are further gains to be made in...

Herpesvirus Infections Potentiated by Biologics

Ho, D. Y., Enriquez, K., & Multani, A. - 2020 - Infectious Disease Clinics, 34(2), 311–339

Herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) maintain lifelong latency in the host after primary infection and can reactivate periodically either as asymptomatic viral shedding or as clinical disease. Immunosuppression, including biologic therapy, may increase frequency and severity of herpesvirus reactivation and infection. Licensed biologics are reviewed regarding their risks of potentiating HSV, VZV, and CMV...

Vaccinations and Biologics

Hsiao, B., Khan, A., & Kang, I. - 2020 - Infectious Disease Clinics, 34(2), 425–450

The emergence of biologics has revolutionized the way physicians treat many autoimmune inflammatory conditions. Although biologics have become a vital component of the treatment approach to many inflammatory diseases, these agents may potentially disrupt the natural immune response against pathogens, thereby increasing the risk for infections. Some infections may be preventable or have a lessened risk through appropriate vaccinations; thus, vaccination history should be taken carefully in...

Immunogenicity and Safety of the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Chronically Immunosuppressed Adults Following Renal Transplant: A Phase 3, Randomized Clinical Trial

Vink, P., Ramon Torrell, J. M., Sanchez Fructuoso, A., … Oostvogels, L. - 2020 - Clinical Infectious Diseases, 70(2), 181–190

The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine was immunogenic in renal transplant recipients receiving daily immunosuppressive treatment. Humoral and cell-mediated

Vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients: Guidelines from the American society of transplantation infectious diseases community of practice

Danziger-Isakov, L., Kumar, D., & Practice, T. A. I. C. of - 2019 - Clinical Transplantation, 33(9), e13563

These updated guidelines of the AST IDCOP review vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. General principles of vaccination as well as the use of specific vaccines in this population are discussed. Vaccination should be reviewed in the pre-transplant setting and appropriate vaccines updated. Both inactivated and live vaccines can be given pre-transplant. The timing of vaccination post-transplant should be taken into account. In the post-transplant setting, inactivated...

Vaccination of patients with haematological malignancies who did not have transplantations: guidelines from the 2017 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 7)

Mikulska, M., Cesaro, S., De Lavallade, H., … Cordonnier, C. - 2019 - The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(6), e188–e199

Varicella zoster virus in solid organ transplantation: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice

Pergam, S. A., Limaye, A. P., & Practice, the A. I. D. C. of - 2019 - Clinical Transplantation, 33(9), e13622

These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the pre- and post-transplant period. Primary varicella is an uncommon complication post-solid-organ transplant (SOT), except among pediatric transplant patients and those seronegative for VZV. As the majority of SOT recipients are seropositive for VZV, herpes zoster (HZ) occurs frequently following...

Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2, Varicella Zoster Virus, and Human Herpes Viruses 6, 7, and 8 in Transplant Recipients

Razonable, R. R. - 2019 - In A. Safdar (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases (pp. 667–677) - Springer

Human herpes viruses are a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that cause opportunistic infections in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Alpha-herpesviruses cause localized ulcerative mucosal and vesicular cutaneous lesions, with the tendency to disseminate if not treated early and aggressively. Beta-herpes viruses, discussed in this chapter such as human herpes viruses 6 and 7, may rarely cause a febrile illness and a skin rash; however, HHV6 in recipients of...

Cowpox to COVID: History of vaccination in the immunocompromised host

Schaenman, J., & Avery, R. - n.d. - Transplant Infectious Disease, n/a(n/a), e14051

Background The use of vaccination to prevent infection has a long history, starting in the 1700s with Jenner. New innovations have led to improvements in the safety and efficacy of vaccines, from live attenuated viruses to subunit vaccines, to RNA-based vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. Despite this progress, however, solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients on immunosuppression demonstrate an impaired vaccine response compared with healthy controls. This issue is important given the increased...

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