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Abstracts

Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis: a randomized trial

Marr, K. A., Schlamm, H. T., Herbrecht, R., … Maertens, J. A. - 2015 - Annals of Internal Medicine, 162(2), 81–89

BACKGROUND: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs) and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Small studies suggest a role for combination antifungal therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of voriconazole and anidulafungin compared with voriconazole monotherapy for treatment of IA. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00531479). SETTING: 93...
Predictors of Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in Organ Transplant Recipients With Cryptococcosis: Implications for the Management of Immunosuppression

Sun, H.-Y., Alexander, B. D., Huprikar, S., … Singh, N. - 2015 - Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 60(1), 36–44

Authors determined variables that pose a risk for immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) and have shown that discontinuation of calcineurin inhibitors was independently associated with 5-fold increased risk of IRS in transplant recipients with cryptococcosis., Background. Risk factors including how changes in immunosuppression influence the occurrence of immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with cryptococcosis have not been fully defined.,...
Efficacy of once-weekly dapsone dosing for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis post transplantation

Evans, R. A., Clifford, T. M., Tang, S., … Fugit, A. M. - 2015 - Transplant Infectious Disease, 17(6), 816–821
ESCMID† and ECMM‡ joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of rare invasive yeast infections

Arendrup, M. C., Boekhout, T., Akova, M., … Lortholary, O. - 2014 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20, 76–98

<h2>Abstract</h2><p>The mortality associated with invasive fungal infections remains high with that involving rare yeast pathogens other than <i>Candida</i> being no exception. This is in part due to the severe underlying conditions typically predisposing patients to these healthcare-related infections (most often severe neutropenia in patients with haematological malignancies), and in part due to the often challenging intrinsic susceptibility pattern of the pathogens that potentially leads...
ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi

Chowdhary, A., Meis, J. F., Guarro, J., … Cuenca-Estrella, M. - 2014 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20, 47–75
ESCMID† and ECMM‡ joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis 2013

Cornely, O. A., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Dannaoui, E., … Petrikkos, G. - 2014 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20, 5–26
ESCMID and ECMM joint guidelines on diagnosis and management of hyalohyphomycosis: Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. and others

Tortorano, A. M., Richardson, M., Roilides, E., … Lass-Flörl, C. - 2014 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20, 27–46
Diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis in patients with hematological malignancies: guidelines from the 3rd European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL 3)

Skiada, A., Lanternier, F., Groll, A. H., … Petrikkos, G. L. - 2013 - Haematologica, 98(4), 492–504

Mucormycosis is an emerging cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, there are no recommendations to guide diagnosis and management. The European Conference on Infections in Leukemia assigned experts in hematology and infectious diseases to develop evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis. The guidelines were developed using the evidence criteria set forth by the American Infectious Diseases Society...
Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Travelers

Lortholary, O., Charlier, C., Lebeaux, D., … Consigny, P. H. - 2013 - Clinical Infectious Diseases, 56(6), 861–869
ECIL recommendations for the use of biological markers for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases in leukemic patients and hematopoietic SCT recipients

Marchetti, O., Lamoth, F., Mikulska, M., … Bretagne, S. - 2012 - Bone Marrow Transplantation, 47(6), 846–854

As culture-based methods for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in leukemia and hematopoietic SCT patients have limited performance, non-culture methods are increasingly being used. The third European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-3) meeting aimed at establishing evidence-based recommendations for the use of biological tests in adult patients, based on the grading system of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The following biomarkers were investigated as...
New insights into hepatosplenic candidosis, a manifestation of chronic disseminated candidosis

Rammaert, B., Desjardins, A., & Lortholary, O. - 2012 - Mycoses, 55(3), e74-84

Chronic disseminated candidosis, often referred to as hepatosplenic candidosis (HSC), is an infection due to Candida spp. that mainly involves the liver and spleen. HSC occurs mostly in patients after profound and prolonged neutropenia, which is more often seen in patients with acute haematological malignancies. The incidence of HSC ranges from 3% to 29% in patients suffering from Acute Leukaemia. However, it is now seen less frequently with the widespread use of antifungal agents as...
Administration of voriconazole in patients with renal dysfunction

Neofytos, D., Lombardi, L. R., Shields, R. K., … Marr, K. A. - 2012 - Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 54(7), 913–921

BACKGROUND: The intravenous use of voriconazole requires coadministration with sulphobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, which may accumulate in patients with impaired renal function. METHODS: All adult patients treated with the same formulation of voriconazole for a minimum of 3 consecutive days were included. Renal function was assessed based on the creatinine level and the calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl). Change in renal function was calculated on days 3, 7, and end of treatment (EOT) and...
ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients

Cornely, O. A., Bassetti, M., Calandra, T., … Ullmann, A. J. - 2012 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18(s7), 19–37

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 7): 19–37 Abstract This part of the EFISG guidelines focuses on non-neutropenic adult patients. Only a few of the numerous recommendations can be summarized in the abstract. Prophylactic usage of fluconazole is supported in patients with recent abdominal surgery and recurrent gastrointestinal perforations or anastomotic leakages. Candida isolation from respiratory secretions alone should never prompt treatment. For the targeted initial treatment of...
ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: diagnostic procedures

Cuenca-Estrella, M., Verweij, P. E., Arendrup, M. C., … Ullmann, A. J. - 2012 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18(s7), 9–18

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 7): 9–18 Abstract As the mortality associated with invasive Candida infections remains high, it is important to make optimal use of available diagnostic tools to initiate antifungal therapy as early as possible and to select the most appropriate antifungal drug. A panel of experts of the European Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) undertook a data review and compiled...
ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: adults with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT)

Ullmann, A. J., Akova, M., Herbrecht, R., … Cuenca-Estrella, M. - 2012 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18(s7), 53–67

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 7): 53–67 Abstract Fungal diseases still play a major role in morbidity and mortality in patients with haematological malignancies, including those undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although Aspergillus and other filamentous fungal diseases remain a major concern, Candida infections are still a major cause of mortality. This part of the ESCMID guidelines focuses on this patient population and reviews pertaining to prophylaxis,...
European guidelines for antifungal management in leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: summary of the ECIL 3—2009 Update

Maertens, J., Marchetti, O., Herbrecht, R., … Cordonnier, C. - 2011 - Bone Marrow Transplantation, 46(5), 709–718

In 2005, several groups, including the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, the European Organization for Treatment and Research of Cancer, the European Leukemia Net and the Immunocompromised Host Society created the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL). The main goal of ECIL is to elaborate guidelines, or recommendations, for the management of infections in leukemia and stem cell transplant patients. The first sets of ECIL slides about the management of...
Histopathologic Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in the 21st Century

Guarner, J., & Brandt, M. E. - 2011 - Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 24(2), 247–280

Summary: Fungal infections are becoming more frequent because of expansion of at-risk populations and the use of treatment modalities that permit longer survival of these patients. Because histopathologic examination of tissues detects fungal invasion of tissues and vessels as well as the host reaction to the fungus, it is and will remain an important tool to define the diagnostic significance of positive culture isolates or results from PCR testing. However, there are very few instances...
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in kidney transplantation

Goto, N., & Oka, S. - 2011 - Transplant Infectious Disease, 13(6), 551–558
Melanized Fungi in Human Disease

Revankar, S. G., & Sutton, D. A. - 2010 - Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 23(4), 884–928

Summary: Melanized or dematiaceous fungi are associated with a wide variety of infectious syndromes. Many are soil organisms and are generally distributed worldwide, though certain species appear to have restricted geographic ranges. Though they are uncommon causes of disease, melanized fungi have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens, with most reports occurring in the past 20 years. The spectrum of diseases with which they are associated has also broadened and includes...
Identifying Predictors of Central Nervous System Disease in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Cryptococcosis

Osawa, R., Alexander, B. D., Lortholary, O., … Singh, N. - 2010 - Transplantation, 89(1), 69–74

Background CSF analysis is often deferred in patients with cryptococcal disease, particularly in the absence of neurologic manifestations. We sought to determine if a subset of SOT recipients with high likelihood of CNS disease could be identified in whom CSF analysis must be performed. Methods Patients comprised a multicenter cohort of SOT recipients with cryptococcosis. Results Of 129 of 146 (88%) SOT recipients with cryptococcosis who underwent CSF analysis, 80 (62%) had CNS disease. In...