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Abstracts

Pneumocystis jirovecii Disease: Basis for the Revised EORTC/MSGERC Invasive Fungal Disease Definitions in Individuals Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Lagrou, K., Chen, S., Masur, H., … Groll, A. H. - 2021 - Clinical Infectious Diseases, 72(Supplement_2), S114–S120

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) causes substantive morbidity in immunocompromised patients. The EORTC/MSGERC convened an expert group to elaborate consensus definitions for Pneumocystis disease for the purpose of interventional clinical trials and epidemiological studies and evaluation of diagnostic tests.Definitions were based on the triad of host factors, clinical-radiologic features, and mycologic tests with categorization into probable and proven Pneumocystis disease, and to be...
Posaconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive aspergillosis: a phase 3, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial

Maertens, J. A., Rahav, G., Lee, D.-G., … Waskin, H. - 2021 - The Lancet, 397(10273), 499–509
Histoplasmosis

Araúz, A. B., & Papineni, P. - 2021 - Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 35(2), 471–491
Management of Cryptococcosis in Transplant Candidates and Recipients

Baddley, J. W., & Forrest, G. N. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1155–1182) - Springer International Publishing

Cryptococcosis is the third most common invasive fungal infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, but is rare among recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Infection often occurs a year after transplantation; however early infections are common in HSCT. Among SOT patients, donorderived infections have been described within 3 months after transplant. The most common disease manifestations are meningitis and pneumonia. The fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are the main causes of cryptococcosis.
Candida Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation

Barros, N., & Mansour, M. K. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1045–1076) - Springer International Publishing

Candida remains a common infectious complication in the setting of solid organ transplantation. The rates of invasive Candida infection vary among organ transplant, with small bowel accounting for the majority of cases. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology of Candida infections following organ transplantation. While C. albicans continues to be the most common fungal species isolated, more recent data show that non-albicans Candida species are on the rise, specifically drug-resistant...
Coccidioidomycosis

Bays, D. J., & Thompson, G. R. - 2021 - Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 35(2), 453–469
Aspergillosis

Cadena, J., Thompson, G. R., & Patterson, T. F. - 2021 - Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 35(2), 415–434
Management of Mucorales Infections in Transplant Patients

Chen, S. C.-A., & Slavin, M. A. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1109–1138) - Springer International Publishing

Infections due to Mucorales fungi in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may be increasing. Disease is severe and rapidly progressive and carries high mortality. Both the prevalence and species epidemiology vary with geography. Rhizopus species is the most common pathogen followed by Mucor species. Risk factors in SOT patients include renal failure, diabetes mellitus, and immunosuppression to prevent rejection. Additional risks in HSCT...
American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series, 2: Management and Prevention of Aspergillosis in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients

Dadwal, S. S., Hohl, T. M., Fisher, C. E., … Kontoyiannis, D. P. - 2021 - Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 27(3), 201–211

The Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy partnered with its Transplant Infectious Disease Special Interest Group to update its 2009 compendium-style infectious disease guidelines for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A completely fresh approach was taken with the goal of better serving clinical providers by publishing each standalone topic in the infectious disease series as a concise format of frequently asked questions...
Comparison of β-D-Glucan levels between Candida auris and other Candida species at the time of candidaemia: a retrospective study

Farooqi, J., Niamatullah, H., Irfan, S., … Jabeen, K. - 2021 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27(10), 1519.e1-1519.e5

Objectives: To compare serum b-D-glucan (BDG) levels in candidaemia with different Candida species, especially C. auris. Methods: Aga Khan University clinical laboratory database was retrospectively reviewed from January 2015 to December 2019. Blood culture positive cases with any Candida species and concomitant BDG level were included.
Cryptococcosis

Gushiken, A. C., Saharia, K. K., & Baddley, J. W. - 2021 - Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 35(2), 493–514
Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology

Hoenigl, M., Salmanton-García, J., Walsh, T. J., … Cornely, O. A. - 2021 - The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(8), e246–e257
Oropharyngeal candidiasis outcomes in renal transplant recipients receiving nystatin versus no antifungal prophylaxis

Ky, T. Q., Park, J. M., McMurry, K. A., … Cotiguala, L. - 2021 - Transplant Infectious Disease, 23(3), e13559

Objective To compare the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OC), or thrush, in renal transplant recipients receiving nystatin versus no antifungal prophylaxis. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective, non-inferiority study of adult renal transplant recipients (RTRs) who received nystatin for 30 days for OC prophylaxis (nystatin group) or no antifungal prophylaxis therapy (No PPX group). The primary outcome was the incidence of OC within 3 months post-transplant. Secondary...
Alternative pneumocystis prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients at two large transplant centers

Lum, J., Echenique, I., Athans, V., & Koval, C. E. - 2021 - Transplant Infectious Disease, 23(1)

Background: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the drug of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis and has activity against other opportunistic infections (OIs) after solid organ transplant (SOT). We aimed to describe the incidence, reasons for and outcomes of use of alternative prophylactic agents (APAs) across SOT programs in our high volume centers. Methods: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) at our centers from 1/2015- 12/2016 were identified....
Blastomycosis

Mazi, P. B., Rauseo, A. M., & Spec, A. - 2021 - Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 35(2), 515–530
Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis

McCarty, T. P., White, C. M., & Pappas, P. G. - 2021 - Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 35(2), 389–413
Blastomycosis in solid organ transplant recipients—A retrospective series from southeastern Wisconsin

Mehta, T. I., Kurman, J., Dolan, S., … Thapa, B. - 2021 - Transplant Infectious Disease, 23(4), e13671

Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused primarily by Blastomyces dermatitis. The fungus is endemic to the Ohio, Mississippi, and St. Lawrence River areas of the United States. Organ transplant recipients are at risk of blastomycosis due to pharmacologic immunosuppression. Over a 20-year period, 30 cases of blastomycosis post-solid organ transplantation were identified at our center. The cumulative incidence of blastomycosis among SOT recipients was 0.99%. There was a male predominance...
Emerging Epidemics in Transplant: Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, and Paracoccidioidomycosis

Nel, J., Lachiewicz, A., & van Duin, D. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1225–1250) - Springer International Publishing

The endemic fungi are a group of thermally dimorphic fungi that occupy speciﬁc deﬁned environmental ranges. They count Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, Coccidioides, Talaromyces, Emergomyces, and Sporothrix among their number. In the environment, they exist as molds, and at body temperature, they transform into their pathogenic yeast form (or, in the case of coccidioidomycosis, into a specialized structure called a spherule). Histoplasma, Blastomyces, and Paracoccidioides are...
Coccidioidomycosis in Transplantation

Nokes, B. T., & Blair, J. E. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1207–1224) - Springer International Publishing

Coccidioidomycosis is an infection due to the fungal species Coccidioides, which is most heavily endemic in the desert southwestern USA. Although early studies of this infection among transplant recipients in the endemic region were complicated by high morbidity and mortality, solid organ and hematologic stem cell transplantation can be a successful undertaking within the Coccidioides-endemic region. Such success has been attributed to careful attention to screening for and treatment of...
Aspergillus in Solid Organ and Stem Cell Transplant Patients: Emerging Options for Diagnosis and Management

Pérez-Cortés Villalobos, A., & Husain, S. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1077–1108) - Springer International Publishing

Invasive aspergillosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and solid organ transplant recipients. The introduction of new noninvasive tests, combined with more effective and better-tolerated antifungal agents, has decreased the mortality rates associated with invasive aspergillosis.

Page 6 of 11

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