The American Society of Transplantation Online Transplant Infectious Diseases Library

Background: Epstein-­Barr virus (EBV) can cause severe disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), including post-­transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The objective was to analyze risk factors associated with post-­transplant EBV outcomes among pediatric allogeneic HSCT recipients.

Problem: Incidence and impact of CMV infection in pancreas-transplant recipients (PTRs) in the valganciclovir prophylaxis era has not be completely elucidated.

Background.  Although cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive solid organ transplant recipients have a relatively lower risk of CMV infection than CMV-seronegative recipients who receive allograft from CMV-seropositive donors, some patients remain at risk of CMV infection after transplant. We investigated the pretransplant CMV-specific humoral immunity (CHI) and other CMV infection predictors in CMV-seropositive kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Methods.  This retrospective study was conducted...

Abstract Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of viral-related diarrhea in cancer patients, in whom it can be chronic, contributing to decreased quality of life, interruption of cancer care, malnutrition, and altered mucosal barrier function. Immunosuppressed cancer patients shed NoV for longer periods of time than immunocompetent hosts, favoring quasispecies development and emergence of novel NoV variants. While nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for NoV diagnosis have...

Background.  Current guidelines recommend a susceptibility-based regimen for Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus pulmonary disease (MAB-PD), but the evidence is weak. We aimed to investigate the association between treatment outcomes and in vitro drug susceptibility to injectable antibiotics in MAB-PD patients. Methods.  We enrolled MAB-PD patients treated with intravenous amikacin and beta-lactams for ≥4 weeks at 4 referral hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Culture conversion and...

The quest for new antifungal and antitubercular drugs is a need of the hour because of morbid co-pathogenesis and an increase in immunocompromised patients. One of the ways forward is to explore and repurpose the established pharmacophores for the desired application. Oxazolidinones are well-known antibacterial agents, with few investigations reported to exploit their antifungal properties. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of linezolid-based oxazolidinones as potent...

<p>Invasive fungal infections threaten lung transplant outcomes with high associated morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic prophylaxis may be key to prevent posttransplant invasive fungal infections, but cost, adverse effects, and absorption issues are barriers to effective prophylaxis. Trends in fungal infection diagnostic strategies utilize molecular diagnostic methodologies to complement traditional histopathology and culture techniques. While lung transplant recipients are susceptible...

Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the incidence of CMV retinitis is considered to be lower than the incidence of CMV infection in other organs following allogeneic HSCT. In this study, the incidence and characteristics of CMV retinitis were retrospectively evaluated in recipients of allogeneic HSCT. Ophthalmological screening was performed at the development of ocular symptoms or...

<h2>Abstarct</h2><p>The trends and outcomes of multiorgan heart-transplantation(HT) using hepatitis C virus(HCV) donors in the contemporary era are sparsely known. Using UNOS registry, 1322 adult multiorgan-HTs(n=986 heart-kidney, n=155 heart-lung, n=181 heart-liver) between August-2015 and August-2020 were identified, of which 109 were performed using HCV-donors[n=77 HCV nucleic-acid-amplification testing(NAT) positive irrespective of antibody(Ab) status(HCV-viremic); and n=32 HCV...

Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus have been recognized as potential drivers of morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for years. Specific protocols for monitoring, prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy are in place in many transplant settings. In this review, we focus on the next three most frequent viruses, human herpesvirus-6, BK virus and adenovirus, causing reactivation and/or viremia after allogeneic transplant, which are...

In a Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) outbreak among 19 kidney-transplant recipients in the United States, strain genotyping suggested coinfection and interhuman transmission of multiple P. jiroveci strains. Belatacept was a risk factor for PCP, potentially via increased clinic exposure.

Antibiotic use in deceased organ donors has not been previously described. In a retrospective cohort of 440 donors, we found 427 (97%) received at least one antibiotic course, 312 (71%) received broad-spectrum antibiotics, and 61 (14%) received potentially redundant antibiotics during their terminal hospitalization, suggesting a need for stewardship.

Background.  Little is known about characteristics of seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) (NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods.  This was a collaborative Spanish and European bone marrow transplantation retrospective multicenter study, which included allo-HSCT recipients (adults and children) with upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and/or lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) caused by seasonal HCoV diagnosed through multiplex...

Background: Hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) is reported to occur in patients with Ureaplasma spp. infections. We performed a systematic review and meta-­analysis of studies reporting HS in patients with Ureaplasma spp. infection. Methods: We searched several databases (CINAHL, OVID, ProQuest, and Scopus) from inception to January 2021. We described case reports and series, and performed a meta-­analysis for all cohort studies. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for the association between HS and...

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the addition of an aminoglycoside to a ß-lactam antibiotic could provide better outcomes than ß-lactam monotherapy for the initial empirical treatment of hematological neutropenic patients with subsequently documented Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infection (BSI). Methods: Multinational, retrospective, cohort study of GNB BSI episodes in hematological neutropenic patients in six centers (2010–2017). Combination therapy (ß-lactam plus...

Twenty-five percent of transplant recipients were gastrointestinally colonized by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, which predisposed to invasive infections. Infections were associated with low short-term and long-term mortality, but recurrences were common for years. Whole-genome phylogenetic analyses linked infections to colonizing strains.

Visual Abstract <img class="highwire-fragment fragment-image" alt="Figure" src="https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/clinjasn/16/5/765/F1.medium.gif" width="440" height="240"/>Download figureOpen in new tabDownload powerpoint Background and objectives BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection commonly complicates kidney transplantation, contributing to morbidity and allograft failure. The virus is often donor-derived and influenced by ischemia-reperfusion processes and disruption of structural...