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Infections are major complications in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation. They also represent the most significant barrier to short- and long-term survival of the transplanted allograft. The achievements and advances during the past 30 years have resulted in remarkably improved outcome for pediatric patients undergoing transplantation. These advances in pediatric infectious disease supportive care have contributed substantially to the patients’ well-being and improved survival, alike. The immune defects and the possible etiologic agents for infection vary with the time elapsed since transplantation, a formal timetable for infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation forms the bases for an organized approach to assess a relevant differential diagnosis, treatment and management plan for these complex and severely immunosuppressed young transplant recipients. In this chapter a comprehensive review on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and strategies for managing infectious diseases in pediatric transplant recipients is provided.

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_8