Resolution of Cryptosporidiosis in Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Presentation of a Renal Transplant Patient Treated With Nitazoxanide, Azithromycin, and Rifaximin

Resource type
Journal Article
Authors/contributors
Title
Resolution of Cryptosporidiosis in Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Presentation of a Renal Transplant Patient Treated With Nitazoxanide, Azithromycin, and Rifaximin
Abstract
Background.  Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, including chronic disease in malnourished children and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. There are increasing reports of cryptosporidiosis in transplant patients, especially from middle-income countries. Methods.  The literature on treatment of cryptosporidiosis in transplant patients was reviewed and included no controlled trials but only small case series. Nitazoxanide, azithromycin, spiramycin, and combination therapies have been used, but none are consistently efficacious. Results.  We present a case of chronic diarrhea from cryptosporidiosis in a renal transplant patient. His illness resolved with decreasing immunosuppression and treatment with the 3-drug combination of nitazoxanide, azithromycin, and rifaximin. Conclusions.  Although current therapies are not reliably effective in the absence of an effective cellular immune response, combination therapies hold promise for improved responses.
Publication
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Date
2022-01-01
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
ofab610
Accessed
1/17/22, 5:36 PM
ISSN
2328-8957
Short Title
Resolution of Cryptosporidiosis in Transplant Recipients
Language
en
Library Catalog
DOI.org (Crossref)
Citation
Tomczak, E., McDougal, A. N., & White, A. C. (2022). Resolution of Cryptosporidiosis in Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Presentation of a Renal Transplant Patient Treated With Nitazoxanide, Azithromycin, and Rifaximin. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9(1), ofab610. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab610
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