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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system caused by JC virus that occurs in those with impaired immune systems. Existing treatment options are ineffective or unproven. This article reviews recent research into novel therapies: 1) immune checkpoint blocking antibodies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab); 2) allogenic BK virus-specific T cell treatment and 3) filgrastim. Results for these therapies in small clinical trials are promising, but further research is required to assess efficacy fully.