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Parvovirus B19 was discovered in 1975, and the first reports associating B19 with human disease came 6 years later, when B19 was linked to cases of aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell disease. Since then, B19 infection has become a recognized infectious complication in the immunocompromised host, including persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as solid organ (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. While typically a benign, self-limited infection in immunocompetent hosts, B19 can have serious sequelae in the immunocompromised host. Fundamentals of disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options are discussed.

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_43