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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators have and are being evaluated for numerous conditions. To date, the main indication of this group of drugs is for multiple sclerosis (MS). Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. Therapeutic approaches are focused on both inflammation and neurodegeneration that are present from early stages of the disease. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators, like Fingolimod, seem to target both scenarios and have demonstrated to be able to reduce disease activity or progression in multiple sclerosis. They act as functional antagonists of sphingosine by blockade of the S1PR signaling pathway. Their action results in naïve and memory T and B lymphocytes being stacked at the lymph node, but still allowing the circulation of effector memory lymphocytes.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11363-5_12