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Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in much of the developed world are associated with medical progress. In addition to the millions of individuals worldwide living with human immunodeficiency virus who constitute a significant host group, these infections are also common among other immunocompromised individuals as a reflection of technologic and therapeutic advances that have led to an enlarging susceptible host population. Examples include novel chemotherapy and other antineoplastic treatments, the aggressive use of glucocorticosteroids for a variety of underlying conditions, the rapidly expanding use of monoclonal antibodies and other biologic agents for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, and the extensive use of intravascular catheters and other medical devices that can provide a nidus for IFIs in otherwise immunocompetent individuals [1, 2]. With the exception of the endemic mycoses, cryptococcosis, and isolated mold infections, collectively, IFIs were relatively uncommon before 1950. Since that time, IFIs have been increasingly encountered in hospitalized and immunocompromised individuals, burgeoning to a point that these are dominant causes of undifferentiated fever, pulmonary infiltrates, skin lesions, and central nervous system disorders in a significant proportion of these patients.